Piedad, nobleza y reforma. La fundación del Monasterio de Madre de Dios en Toledo (1483)
Keywords:
Dominicos, Toledo, MonjasAbstract
Resumen: La fundación del monasterio dominicano de Madre de Dios en Toledo tuvo lugar en 1483 gracias a la iniciativa de las hermanas María Gómez y Leonor de Silva, hijas del conde de Cifuentes. Se trata de una muestra más del desarrollo de la religiosidad popular, que alcanzó su apogeo durante los ss. XVI-XVII. Desde su instauración, el monasterio fue integrado en la Congregación de la Reforma, movimiento que propugnaba el retorno a los viejos ideales apostólicos del s. XIII en la Orden de Predicadores. Este afán renovador facilitó que la propia fundadora, María Gómez, asumiera la tarea de reformar e instituir nuevas comunidades religiosas en diversas ciudades de la Provincia de España. El monasterio de Madre de Dios experimentó un proceso de ampliación arquitectónica que se prologó hasta mediados del s. XVI gracias al apoyo pontificio y arzobispal, y a la labor de procuración de los dominicos de San Pedro Mártir. A pesar de que los reformadores recomendaron la moderación en los patrimonios conventuales, las monjas de Madre de Dios se hicieron con un conjunto inmueble muy heterogéneo que incluyó propiedades rústicas en varias dehesas y fincas del término de Toledo, así como casas situadas en la propia ciudad. Después de dos siglos de lucha por mantener viva la comunidad, ésta fue disuelta en el año 1994.
Abstract: The foundation of the Dominican monastery of “Madre de Dios” took place in 1483 thanks to María Gómez and Leonor de Silva´s initiative. It was an example of the popular religiosity, which developed in the 17th-18th centuries. The monastery was integrated in the Reform Congregation, a tendency that advocated the return to the medieval ideas of the Dominican Order. This eagerness to renew these ideas facilitated the foundation and reformation works in many cities in the Province of Spain. On the other hand, the building of the monastery expanded until the mid-sixteenth century due to the popes´ and archbishops´support and the friars of St Peter the Martyr´s procuration work. Although reformers recommended to the Dominicans that they reduced their riches, the nuns of this convent had a very wide range of agrarian and urban properties in Toledo. The monastery began its decline in the last years of the 18th century because of its economic problems. After two centuries of trying to keep the community, it was dissolved in 1994.
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